The Public Health Problem in Ethiopia - 820 Words

The Public Health Problem in Ethiopia Ethiopia is located in the horn of Africa with 72.4 million populations which over 50% of whom are under 20 year-old. Its GDP per capital is 470.22 USD ranked as the 11 bottom in the world. Malnutrition is a major public health problem in many developing countries, and it is one of the main health problems facing women and children in Ethiopia. The country has the second highest rate of malnutrition in Sub-Saharan Africa. The 4 major forms of malnutrition in Ethiopia are acute and chronic malnutrition, iron deficiency anemia (IDA), vitamin A deficiency (VAD), and iodine deficiency disorder (IDD). In Ethiopia, one in four women (27%) are thin (have body mass index of less than 18.5), and the†¦show more content†¦In my opinion, based on an application of my personal business study, a solution to solve malnutrition in Ethiopia is to stimulate Ethiopian economy and to increase education standard to raise quality of life and standard of living of people on Ethiopia. I believe that when those who are suffering from malnutrition care more whether they have something to eat rather than what to eat and how to eat nutritiously. The more they have money in their pockets to satisfy their basic needs and poverty condition lessens, the more they care about their well being. The Ethiopia economic condition may be improved by eng aging in businesses that the country or each city has absolute competitive advantages or comparative advantages according to Ricardo’s theory that they can produce a particular good or service at a lower marginal and lesser opportunity cost over another trading partner. Even if Ethiopia may have absolute cost disadvantage in the production of most of the goods, a basis for mutually beneficial trade may still exist from specializing in and export goods in which it is relatively more efficient. Nevertheless, according to the research, I found out that problems Ethiopia facing range from political issues to economic struggle to water shortage to starvation which is crucial, immense and importantly interrelated. The suggestions I gave above are aShow MoreRelatedFada Essay866 Words   |  4 Pagesmutilation. UNFPA and UNICEF established the largest global program and targets 17 countries in Africa. The UN is making considerable efforts to eradicate FGM including public policy ch anges and research. The World Health Organization (WHO) has passed WHA61, a resolution to eliminate FGM by 2030. UNFPA is acting upon strengthening health services with civil society organizations. UNFPA is not necessarily trying to cure it, however prevent it by changing the perceptions of communities and women. SomeRead MoreLife Of Ethiopia Vs Life During The Usa1445 Words   |  6 PagesLife in Ethiopia vs life in the USA Did you ever visit Ethiopia and observed peoples’ life there? Life in Ethiopia is completely different from life in the USA. There are many difficulties in Ethiopia and some of them are poverty, education and health are some of the problems. Even though there are some problems in America they are not like the problems in Ethiopia. Majority of the people in Ethiopia are suffering from poverty. In Ethiopia there is no enough food and people cannot feed their familiesRead MoreGovernment Should Design Effective Child Nutritional And Health Program757 Words   |  4 Pageschild nutritional and health program for the community to reduce malnutrition (stunting, underweight and wasting). Above half of the community gets Water from unprotected sources such as dug well, spring river/surface water which results child diarrhea and illness therefore, government should facilitate clean water supply for the community. Women/mothers education should be promoted as it has been proved that it is the key to reduce both chronic and acute malnutrition problems in children (stuntingRead MoreProblems with Ethiopia’s Unofficial Cyber Espionage Essay1038 Words   |  5 PagesEthiopia is in a region that is dependent on U.S. and European Union Humanitarian Aid. Since 2009, Ethiopia advanced in cyber espionage against its citizen’s. Innocent journalist from local and from other countries are being tortured, killed and imprisoned for speaking their opinions to the world. Ethiopia’s unofficial cyber espionage program targets innocent journalists and violates the United Nations-The International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights - Article 19 Freedom of Expression. TheRead MoreThe Problem Of Human Rights1581 Words   |  7 Pagesmarriage in the Amhara Regional State, in Ethiopia. Currently, the language of rights in Ethiopia is intertwined with the formal law and the packaging of rights via government channels. There is negligible political space for the international human rights norms to penetrate the community without the intermediary role of government institutions and networks. This to the large part is attributed to the Charities and Societies proclamation No. 621/2009 of Ethiopia (CSO law) that came into force in JanuaryRead MoreImproving Clean Water And Sanitation1651 Words   |  7 Pagesinterest is improving clean water and sanitation. The specific country of interest is Ethiopia, the landlocked country located at the horn of Africa. Although Ethiopia has experienced significant economic growth and declining poverty they are still susceptible to issues such as disease, climate related crisis, and drought. High rates of infant and ma ternal mortality remain as well as limited access to clean water. Ethiopia is the second most populated Sub-Saharan African country with 99.39 million inhabitantsRead MoreMacroeconomic Policies Of Fiscal And Monetary Policies Essay1387 Words   |  6 Pagesthrough enforcing monitoring mechanisms. The components of fiscal policy include: government expenditure, tax, and public debt (Permechand 1983). The contradicting arguments about effectiveness of fiscal policy amendments or government involvement still continue in these sections too. Public expenditure refers to the expenditure incurred by the government for the maintenance of various public good and to promote the welfare of the society as a whole. It is the main instrument used by governments especiallyRead MoreThe Current Practice Of Health Insurance921 Words   |  4 PagesThe Current Practice of Health Insurance in Ethiopia The practice of health insurance coverage in Ethiopia is limited. Private sector insurance in health is underdeveloped and covers only a small proportion of the population through the Ethiopian Insurance Corporation (EIC) and recently through a few private insurance companies. Beneficiaries of health insurance schemes are a few private organizations and public enterprises. According to NHA III, private health insurance accounts for only 1.1 % ofRead MoreWhy The Civil Reform Programs Are Consistent With The Objectives Of The Ethiopian Developmental State1162 Words   |  5 Pagesparadigm has failed to transform the state from a predatory to a benign one, from undemocratic to a democratic one in nearly two decades of trying to do so (Zenawi, 2006). He further blamed the neo-liberal paradigm not only for creating the governance problems, but for failing to bring about the desired change of governance. On the fundamentals, he asserted that the neo-liberal paradigm has been an unqualified failure in Africa (Ibid). Regardless of such assertions, there is no distinct explanatory modelRead MoreGovernment Involvement Of Fiscal And Monetary Policies1431 Words   |  6 Pagesthe goals of growth and stability in the economy through enforcing monitoring mechanisms. The components of fiscal policy include: government expenditure, tax, and public debt (Permechand 1983). The contradicting arguments about effectiveness of fiscal policy amendments or government involvement still continue in these sections too. Public expenditure is the main instrument used by governments especially in developing countries to promote economic growth which is an essential component for sustainable

Essay on Supernatural Forces in Macbeth - 1108 Words

The Play â€Å"Macbeth† by William Shakespeare is shaped by supernatural forces with the use of the weird witches, the apparition of the ghost, and the floating dagger. These forces lead Macbeth to act in the way he did and add suspense to the play. The play opens with the three witches, and later on Macbeth and Banquo encounter them. They prophesized that Macbeth will be promoted to Thane of Cawdor, and then become King of Scotland. In addition to that, Banquo was told that his sons shall be kings, but never himself. Macbeth was skeptical about the prophesies, but until some of King Duncan’s men came to inform Macbeth that that he was to be named Thane of Cawdor due to the betrayal of the previous and condemned to death. Then Lady Macbeth†¦show more content†¦If Macbeth didn’t know about this prophecy he would have happily took his position as Thane of Cawdor, but knowing he will be King drove him to commit murder. Macbeth was rapidly changed from an h onorable general to an evil tyrant. â€Å"The witches did not tell him to commit murder; all that was necessary was for them to suggest the fact of the crown, and they could trust Macbeth to overcome the obstacles in his way just as they would have him† (Wiley, 45). This emphasizes the fact that the play is shaped by the supernatural. This lead to the murder of Duncan, then to get rid of his obstacles he kills the guards. The Witches also reveal â€Å"Thou shalt get kings, though thou be none† (1.3.67) to Banquo. This knowledge leads Macbeth to send Murderers to kill Banquo and his son. This is more evidence to show that the words of the witches construct the plays events. The witches play an important role they have the ability to predict the future and affect it too. Without their warnings and predictions Macbeth wouldn’t have chosen to act in the way he did. In their second appearance they prophesize that that he cannot be harmed by no one born of woman, a c hild with a crown represents Malcolm, and he’s warned about the moving Great Birnam wood to high Dunsinane Hill. â€Å"But yet I’ll make assurance double sure, and take a bond of fate† (4.1.83-84).Show MoreRelated Supernatural in Shakespeares Macbeth - Supernatural Forces Essay example775 Words   |  4 PagesThe Supernatural in Macbeth      Ã‚   In Macbeth, there are many sections that refer to the involvement of the supernatural.   The use of the supernatural in the script, the witches, the visions, the ghost of Banquo, and the apparitions, are key elements making the concept of the play work and in making the play interesting.   Witches, spirits, ghosts and apparitions are a major factor in developing the play.         Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The use of the supernatural occurs at the beginning of the play, withRead MoreMacbeth - Supernatural Forces Cause the Fall of Man in Macbe1049 Words   |  5 PagesIn Shakespeare s Macbeth supernatural forces create a suspenseful atmosphere. The use of the supernatural in the witches, the visions, the ghost and the apparitions provides the backbone of the climax and excuses for Macbeth s change of character. Because conscience plays such a central role in Macbeth s tragic struggle, many critics use spiritual and supernatural theories to illuminate the drama s character development. The play opens with the use of the supernatural when three witchesRead MoreThe Ultimate Downfall of Macbeth Due to Guilt 842 Words   |  3 PagesIn the play Macbeth by William Shakespeare, Macbeth’s ultimate downfall is due to the guilt he feels over everything he has done. The motif of supernatural forces, specifically the hallucinations and lack of sleep that Macbeth experiences, project the force of the guilt that eventually causes Macbeth’s destruction. Shakespeare uses the motif of supernatural forces to express how the force of the guilt Macbeth feels eventually leads to his final demolition in the play Macbeth. The recurring supernaturalRead MoreSupernatural Elements Of Macbeth By William Shakespeare1076 Words   |  5 PagesSupernatural Forces In Macbeth 1)Even today people struggle with whether or not to believe in supernatural forces, such as ghosts or witchcraft, but those who would admit that they let the supernatural guide their behaviors and predict their futures would be harder to find. 2) Shakespeare’s play, Macbeth, takes place during medieval times when many people believed strongly in the presence and power of witchcraft and in the supernatural. 3) In Macbeth, Shakespeare uses three witches, a floating daggerRead MoreMacbeth - Supernatural Theme809 Words   |  4 PagesThe presence of supernatural forces in William Shakespeare s, Macbeth, provides for much of the play s dramatic tension and the mounting suspense. Several supernatural apparitions throughout the play profoundly affect Macbeth and the evil forces eventually claim Macbeth and destroy his morals. Macbeth s ambition was driven by the prophecies of the three witches and unlike Banquo, he was willing to do anything to assure that they actually transpir e. Macbeth is horrified at the notion of killingRead MoreThe Supernatural Element Of William Shakespeare s Macbeth1265 Words   |  6 PagesWhat is interesting is what each supernatural element represents in Shakespeare’s society and in our current society. The supernatural elements in Macbeth include fate, the witches, mythological beings, ghosts, and apparitions. I believe that the witches in Shakespeare’s time, in the play and in real life, represent the power of choice. The power to be able to decide to commit murder or any other heinous act or decide to let things naturally happen shows the classic choice between good and evil,Read MoreThemes in Macbeth742 Words   |  3 PagesWithin Shakespeare s famous Macbeth there are many different themes that make the play the captivating masterpiece that it is. The role of the supernatural is a very important element of Shakespeare s Macbeth. Just as important, the theme of masculinity is very dominant. Both themes contribute to the play s unique and powerful nature, overall creating a very effective storyline, strong characters, and unexpected twists and turns throughout. In the time of William Shakespeare thereRead MoreShakespeares Use of the Supernatural in Macbeth Essay868 Words   |  4 PagesThe supernatural was a popular element in many of the plays written in Shakespeares time (including Hamlet) and everyone of Shakespeares time found the supernatural fascinating. Even King James I took a special interest in supernatural and written a book, Daemonologie, on witchcraft. It must be remembered that, in Shakespeares day, supernatural referred to things that were above Nature; things which existed, but not part of the normal human life and unexplainable. The play Macbeth involves manyRead MoreEssay On Supernatural Manipulation In Macbeth773 Words   |  4 PagesThe play, Macbeth, is established around the central idea that once you have completely abandoned your mind, morals, and being you lose everything you have. It is clear that the acts committed by the conflicted and mislead Macbeth, have the potential to shatter him as a mortal, such is the overall theme of Macbeth. But, when contemplating the presence of the unnatural forces in the play it is difficult to truly decipher what is meant by their intentions. The intervention of the supernatural evidentlyRead MoreMacbeths Tragic Downfall Portrayed in Shakespeares Macbeth Essay1052 Words   |  5 PagesShakespeare’s Macbeth is full of supernatural forces and events. These supernatural forces were a very big role in the creation of a suspenseful atmosphere as well as in the development of the character Macbeth. Additionally, they justified his changing personality, beliefs, and morals. The inclusion of prophetical witches, ghosts, apparitions and visions eventually led to Macbeth’s tragic downfall. The very first scene of the play introduces supernatural forces in the form of three witches, also

Global Business for Technology and Even Culture- myassignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about theGlobal Business for Technology and Even Culture. Answer: Globalization is a channel through which entire world economies can be connected through one string. The concept is symbolic of encouragement in the international connectedness of the economies through growing trade in terms of sharing and exchanging goods, services, money, ideas, technology and even culture (Hill, Cronk and Wickramasekera 2013). The basic intention behind globalization is economic benefit of the nations involved in the process. Since the process opens door allowing diverse international business activities and entities to enter in the domestic market, it has greater implication on the business operation and condition of the internal market and institutions (Coleman 2016). This openness makes the nations responsive and receptive of world phenomenon, which has both positive and negative influences on any national economy. Positive: Allows free trade: Greater the globalization more is the free trade, which further indicates greater export or import of the nation. Globalization increases trade volume, which further increases national income through increase in the export revenue. If the domestic business has international demands then globalization can increase its production and Greater capital inflow and integrated capital market: Globalization leads to opening of world capital market allowing for more capital inflow and outflow without much regulation (Johnson 2013). These are mostly operative through foreign direct investment and foreign portfolio investment. This leaves positive impact for the domestic business for wider operation and expansion. Expands market: Greater the globalization more is the free trade and less regulation. This allows markets to expand cross-border. This further takes care of proper utilization of the resource while boosts the economies of scale potential of the firms. More information and technology: Free trade as result of global integration allows information and technology to flow too along with goods and services. It reduces cost of production and increases business profit potential. Less inflation: Global expansion strategy often involves charging lower price in destination countries leading to lower inflation in the consumer goods category. This might bring down overall inflationary pressure. Flexible Labor Market: Globalization not only increases scope of employability but also leads to a labor market more flexible due to more skills and training provision (Johnson 2013). Skilled labor in workforce have positive impact on the business of domestic firms who can also benefit from skilled employee. Negative: Competition: Biggest turn off globalization exerts on domestic business is huge competition and survival struggle out of it. In search of market when foreign firms and their goods enter the domestic market it creates much pressure on existing firms as they face quality and price issue (Ethier 2014). It is often found that foreign goods are sold at lower price in spite of being high quality mostly because of the sound technology used in their production. The severity of competition can even provoke the existing domestic firms to shut down and go out of the business. Inequality: Adverse effect of the process is rising inequality in standards of living stemming from unequal income. Forces of globalization decreases wage rate in developing countries and this shifts the major business operation in those areas affecting the business in the developed nation that mostly have higher wage rate. Absolute advantage is a concept used in the context of international trade and also a driving force behind it. It refers to the production capability of labor, which is the only input in production of any goods and services in comparison with the other producers from other nations. The cross-country difference in labor productivity allows the nations to undertake production in which they are more efficient. The greater the comparative labor productivity that is unit produced per unit of labor more is the absolute advantage leading to specialization in that good and exchange it with other nation in two goods two country set up (Laursen 2015). No absolute advantage is possible and leads to no international trade henceforth. The comparative advantage on the other side drives the international trade based on the differences of the opportunity costs producers face in production of goods. Opportunity cost refers to the undergone production of one good in order to produce one unit of other good in two goods set up of national economy. Whereas absolute advantage would encourage production of one or both the goods if the labor productivity in one nation is high compared to other, comparative advantage focuses more on the production in which it has lower opportunity cost and trade it for other good than producing both the goods even if it has absolute advantage (Bowen, Hollander and Viaene 2012). Here difference in opportunity cost stems from different factor endowment and technological set up. In real world of limited resources and increasing demand proper utilization of resources are mandatory. The concept of comparative advantage evokes the specialization, which further allows nation to produce that good in which it can channelize the resources well. Higher comparative advantage come from lower opportunity cost and that further consolidates greater gains from trade. Labor Hour Required to Produce one unit of Country Vegetable Machine A 100 80 B 90 120 In our example there are two countries A and B producing two goods vegetable and Machine. Country A takes 100 units of labor to produce one unit of vegetable and same taken by country B is only 90 unit of labor. In terms of absolute advantage it is evident that country B is more efficient in producing vegetable as it produces with less number of labors and it should trade it with A in return of machines. The comparative advantage would look at opportunity cost of the vegetable and machine. In country A, 100 hours of labor either produces one unit of vegetable or 1.25 unit of machine. 80 hours of labor, produces either one unit of machine or 0.8 unit of vegetables. Hence, opportunity cost of producing machine is less as less than one unit of vegetable production had to be foregone to keep up the machine production. As a result Country A would specialize in machine production and would like to trade and exchange it for vegetable from Country B that seems to have comparative advantage i n vegetable production (Bowen, Hollander and Viaene 2012). Tariffs are treated as tax imposed by government on the importable by a nation. This can be a fixed amount like $1 or ad valorem tax that refers to 5% of the price (say). Imposition of tariff always raises the price for the consumers that forces reduction in import. This leads to further retaliation by other nations who faced dropped demand for their goods in world market. major reason behind tariff is to create trade barrier in order to protect domestic producers and industries from cheap import. Hence lower the tariff, higher is the trade taking place. Greatest implication behind imposition of tariff by US is to restrict free trade of it with China by making imports costlier. Per unit of import now, US firms have to provide a fixed amount of tariff that is said to be almost 45% of tariff or tax imposed leaping from the figure 3% initially (Riezman 2013). There are certainly reasons economic and political behind the phenomenon. The biggest intention is to drop Chinese imports. The C hinese goods are capturing the world market for providing quality in fewer prices than the national markets of the economies. This hurt the survival of domestic firms that further raises loads of economic issues like unemployment, lower income and subsequently lower demand for home based goods or production. Moreover, the government wants to capture more tax revenue in order to maintain its fiscal position. Imposition of tariff that acts like tax on per unit import definitely raises the price of importable in domestic market. This adversely affects the direct consumers of the goods. Moreover, this incident indirectly calls for inflation in the economy too. Many domestic firms use imported inputs in their production process. The tariff imposition would make the price of inputs go up hitting hard their existence and raising the cost of production (Coleman 2016). Higher the cost of production, higher will be the price charged in market, which would again affect the consumers in multiple ways. Fig: (Created by author) From the diagram, it is clear that the domestic market equilibrium price is higher at $4 than world market equilibrium, which is at $2. This encourages more import in absence of no tariff imposed. In absence of tariff the world market equilibrium quality is 60 millions. In presence of tariff, the world market equilibrium price increased up to $3 and the quantity falls to 50 million. Initially the import was 20 million and now it falls to 10 million. Imposition of tariff not only increases the price level faced by consumers but also reduces the consumer surplus affecting the total welfare of the society as well (Bowen, Hollander and Viaene 2012). Similarly, the imposition of higher tariff by Trump government would reduce the consumer surplus in US economy and expose them to higher prices for the imported goods. Reference: Coleman, W.D., 2016.Financial services, globalization and domestic policy change. Springer. Cuat, A. and Melitz, M.J., 2012. Volatility, labor market flexibility, and the pattern of comparative advantage.Journal of the European Economic Association,10(2), pp.225-254. Dunning, J.H., 2014.The Globalization of Business (Routledge Revivals): The Challenge of the 1990s. Routledge. (Dunning 2014) Ethier, W., 2014. Internationally decreasing costs and world trade. InTHE FLOATING WORLD: Issues in International Trade Theory(pp. 53-76). Feenstra, R.C., 2015.Advanced international trade: theory and evidence. Princeton university press. (Feenstra 2015) Hill, C.W., Cronk, T. and Wickramasekera, R., 2013.Global business today. McGraw-Hill Education (Australia). Johnson, H.G., 2013.International trade and economic growth (collected works of Harry Johnson): Studies in pure theory. Routledge. Laursen, K., 2015. Revealed comparative advantage and the alternatives as measures of international specialization.Eurasian Business Review,5(1), pp.99-115. Maurer, A. and Degain, C., 2012. Globalization and trade flows: what you see is not what you get!.Journal of international commerce, economics and policy,3(03), p.1250019. Noussair, C.N., Plott, C.R. and Riezman, R.G., 2013. An experimental investigation of the patterns of international trade. InInternational Trade Agreements and Political Economy(pp. 299-328). Riezman, R., 2013. Tariff retaliation from a strategic viewpoint. InInternational Trade Agreements and Political Economy(pp. 21-31). Bowen, H.P., Hollander, A. and Viaene, J.M., 2012.Applied international trade. Palgrave Macmillan.

Business Research for Cloud Computing to a Business-myassignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about theBusiness Research for Cloud Computing to a Business. Answer: Reflective writing I have executed this research program on the topic Advantages and Disadvantages of Cloud Computing to a Business with a motive to gain knowledge of the concept of cloud computing which has gained much importance in the IT industry. I have executed this business research program with the objectives to develop knowledge of cloud computing and advantages and disadvantages of the concept of cloud computing. Impact of cloud computing can be seen on the level of efficiency of the business and deployment of the services offered by the business in a rapid manner. I have developed knowledge regarding the four cloud computing models which include hybrid, community, private and public cloud. I have learned that cloud computing is a practice in which network of remote servers is used. These remote servers are hosted on the internet for storing, managing, processing data at the place of a local server. I have developed knowledge of the advantages and disadvantages of cloud computing. Advantages which I have covered in this research program are reduction in time, enhancement in the level of efficiency of service delivery, enhancement in agility of the business, optimum utilisation of the available resources, easy storage, management of the data, competitive advantage over the competitors of the business and reduction in the operational cost of the business. Disadvantages which I have discussed in this research program are not suitable for every situation, dependency on the internet which affects the storage service and retrieval service, need knowledge of the IT for operating cloud computing and lack of data security. Cloud computing is a current topic of the business environment which is widely being used by the business for the management of the data in a better manner. Aspects discussed in this research program have enhanced my knowledge by contributing to the learning experience which I have gained. Accumulation of the data related to the research program has developed my knowledge and helped in completing the research program in an effective way. I will use this learning process as a base for the life-long experience. I have conducted the research in a sequence for ensuring that the research program is focused on the attainment of the objectives set. Data which I have collected in this research has helped me in conducting the research has helped me in the successful competition of the research by maintaining the quality of the research. I have learned the role of cloud computing and benefits and challenges of cloud computing to the business. This knowledge which I have gained will be used for performing the roles of a future career in a better way. Cloud computing is an important aspect of every business and I will use the knowledge gained for resolving the issues of the business related to the storage and management of the data related to the business. Various research methods or approaches have been used during the execution process of the research. I have selected these methods or approaches with a motive to accumulate the quality data for enhancing the relevance and authenticity of the research. During this learning process, I have come across different aspects which have been covered in this research. I have analyzed various sources for the accumulation of high-quality data for the research. This business research has enhanced my skills regarding the execution of the research. It has encouraged me to perform the research activities in the future in a better manner. Research activities are crucial for a professional as for collecting data related an aspect, research needs to be done. This business research has explained me the manner in which I have to perform the different activities effectively for achieving the expected outcomes of the research. In the assignment 1, I have presented the data related to the research topic which I have accumulated with the help of different research methods or approaches. In the assignment 2, I have provided an explanation of the methods or approaches which I have applied for the accumulation of the data. The reason behind conducting this research is to achieve the objectives of the research for the completion of the course. This learning process has enhanced the chances of growth and success of mine in the future. I will be able to gather data by conducting research program. This learning process has contributed to my knowledge which will be used for analyzing the issues faced in future and coping with the issues faced.

Analytical Essay Essays

Analytical Essay Essays Analytical Essay Essay Analytical Essay Essay Essay Topic: Analytical Discourses have powerful social effects and can empower some, while marginalizing others. In the texts Lost Property and Muriel’s Wedding the dominant discourse is relationship. The audience is positioned to see Josh Tambling from Lost Property as having tough relationships as he is the one who is expected to pull through. While Muriel Heslop from Muriel’s Wedding is portrayed as unreliable and selfish as the story is told. In the early stages of both texts it is obvious that Josh and Muriel have different relationships, as Josh is respected and dependable while Muriel is rejected and a failure. Josh is trustworthy towards his friends which make him respected in his relationships. For instance, he shows his loyal and respectable values and attitudes in the first chapter as he tends to a woman customer who has lost her cardigan. â€Å"A cardigan. What colour was it, Madam? † Josh asks politely to help the woman. (p3). Josh also shows that he is dependable by singing songs in the band which are chosen by the lead guitarist Neven, despite not liking the song. After viewing the first couple of scenes of Muriel’s Wedding, it is clear that Muriel is rejected and has complete different relationships than Josh. In the first scene, she attends an engagement party. While there she is confronted by the police and a woman accusing her of stealing the dress she is wearing. As she arrives home in a cop car, she is then ridiculed by her family which leads to her father, Bill Heslop, bribing the police men and leaving with a carton of beer. In the first text the audience is positioned to recognize Josh’s deeds as a reliable and honest person, whereas Muriel is some what felt sorry towards for being unwanted and a disappointment. As the plot progresses the bonds between relationships are strengthened. For example, when Josh meets Gemma, he realizes that she is unlike his girlfriend Alicia. Josh has an in depth conversation with Gemma about God, which earlier he tried to have with his girlfriend. This, however, has an unfavorable effect on his relationship with Alicia. Josh’s relationship with Clive, his supervisor in the lost property shop, is as well strengthened when Josh accuses Clive for stealing. Which later on he finds out Clive was keeping these items for people who needed them for sentimental value. â€Å"No, all these things belong to someone else. That’s what the Lost Property Office is for, to get lost things back to their owners. † says Clive. (p115). Even though Muriel is not liked by many, she still manages to get a job with the help of her father, as a beauty consultant. During this time, she is abandoned by her high school friends who afterward go on a holiday. â€Å"You embarrass us. † stated by Nicole, one of the three friends confronting Muriel. Shortly after she had been abandoned, Muriel takes money from her father’s bank to fund for the same holiday as her friends. Whilst on the holiday, Muriel meets Rhonda, who helps Muriel by keeping her company on the holiday. Muriel is then hassled by her father about the money she took, under the pressure, she then moves to Sydney with her new found friend Rhonda. The audience is placed to see how both Josh’s and Muriel’s relationships grow as the narrative unfolds. The last stages of both texts are very similar, nonetheless the discourse of relationship remains the same. At first it looks like Josh is not going to have a happy ending, with Alicia breaking up with him and then Josh dropping out of the band. But Josh manages to keep his life steadily on track after facing his brother in Mackay. He later forms a new relationship with a girl from Fidelis, Isobelle, and at the same time mending his relationship with the band. Michael, Josh’s older brother finally comes home, not by himself though, he ends up bringing his girlfriend and with them their new born son. â€Å"Mum and Dad, this is Kelly,† Michael says proudly, â€Å"and this one here†¦is your grandson, Stuart. † (p266). On the other hand, Muriel’s Wedding ends unfortunately with Muriel’s mother dying as she commits suicide from the pressure of her depression. But not all is bad for Muriel as she returns to Sydney with her friend Rhonda, after she is in a wheelchair from not recovering from her cancer. Although both texts end in a different way, the audience is still positioned to see Josh and Muriel as people who have difficult relationships but in the end rewarding. In conclusion, both Lost Property and Muriel’s Wedding mobilize the discourse of relationships. The reader is positioned to see Josh and Muriel as being pleasing people, who would do everything for their friendships. Throughout both texts Josh and Muriel are constructed as characters who display loyalty and respect towards their friends, supporting them through the harsh periods in their lives.

Production management quality management systems. Case study of IDT Australia limited.

Production management quality management systems. Case study of IDT Australia limited. Introduction Historically, manufacturing management concept was coined by Adam Smith in eighteenth century in his contribution to specialization of labor in manufacturing. Adam Smith indicated that industrial jobs can be broken into smaller jobs and laborers were recommended to specialize in areas that they deem perfect, skilled and efficient (Anon, 1998).Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Production management: quality management systems. Case study of IDT Australia limited. specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Accordingly, Fredrick Taylor coined the scientific management theory and implemented Adam Smith’s recommendation to manufacturing set up. In this respect, organizations in the service and manufacturing industries have a production or an operation department. The departments are significant in that they provide the services or the goods that translates to organizations’ revenues. Production or operati ons management is the process through which inputs resources are combined and transformed in production synergies of the organization, to provide value added outputs in a planned and controlled criteria, utilizing organizations’ policies and procedures (Anon, 1998). Essentially, production is that part of organization concerned with bringing inputs together and transforming them into a range of quality output product. Production entails a set of interconnected activities to create a product. Production management refers to activities of manufacturing of goods while operations management involves activities in the delivery of services. Applying the scientific management theory, managers in the contemporary industries have adopted to techniques and procedures, concentrating on increased quality and economic efficiency in manufacturing products. According to Llopis Josà © (nd), research shows that laborers in organizations are focused in waste reduction and realizing high leve l of efficiency and quality. The paper focuses on the production management in a case study of IDT Australia limited. Importantly, the case study provides a detailed analysis of quality management in organizations. In addition, a recommendation or suggested strategies to improve current situation is also provided. Research objectives The objectives of the study include: To establish quality management process and the vital quality management activities in organizations To elaborate the concept of standards, assurance and control to organization quality management To explain organizations quality measurement and limitations in total quality management To bring forth suggestion on the improvement of the current situation in quality management in IDT Australia limited IDT Australia limited Institute of drug technology Australia Ltd (IDT) operates in a highly monitored and specialized field of manufacturing pharmaceutical drugs and substances. Based in Melbourne, Australia, IDT is Aus tralian pharmaceutical contract manufacturing organization for over 25 years of experience in production for local and international markets.Advertising Looking for report on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The company possesses international recognized pharmaceutical producing facilities. According to company profile, the company is primarily committed to supply of drugs and provision of research and development and other technical services. The company commits its resources in four activities that include; new drug development and scale up, clinical research services, API manufacture and pharmacy services. According to the AusBiotech (2009), the company’s â€Å"state of art† facilities are developed and designed to conform to the international regulations and standards GLP/GMP requirements. The company’s 15 manufacturing suites have been purposely constructed as contained s uites, enabling the production of highly potent and cytotoxic drug in a human health conducive environment (AusBiotech, 2009). IDT has employed approximately over 100 employees where around 65 staffs are engaged in manufacturing and the other 35 staffs employed at the clinical facility. The company does not face stiff competitions since it has a distinct competitive advantage. Among its competitive advantage include; confidentiality in drug development and manufacture, access to the most prominent clinical facility nationally and overseas, access to large database of clinical trials volunteers and experience of over 25 years in drugs manufacture and research contract (AusBiotech, 2009). Production management Anon (nd) defines production as â€Å"the step by step conversion of one form of materials into another form through chemical or mechanical process to create or enhance utility of the products to the user†. Ideally, production can be seen as a function in organizations th at convert inputs into outputs that are of high quality level (Bagad, 2008). Similarly, production is a process of adding value to inputs. The figure below shows an example of production process adopted by most of manufacturing industries including IDT Company. Figure one: production process diagram, source (anon, nd)Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Production management: quality management systems. Case study of IDT Australia limited. specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More As the above diagram indicates, manufacturing is a system that comprises transforming inputs into outputs through a certain process and management of the system to produce high quality products economically and efficiently. The continuous monitoring of the production process is one of the most important function of management (Hakes 1991). Ideally, management team concentrates on Demand Forecasting, Aggregate planning, Inventory management, material Requirement Planning (MRP), Constraints and bottleneck managemen,t and Quality management. Quality management The term quality is frequently used in production processes. Departments of trade and industry define this term as â€Å"delighting the customers by fully meeting their want, needs and expectations† (Anon 1998, p.12). Radziwill (2005), argues that quality is an indicator of high and improved performances, whether in relation to the individual performance, teams, products or the whole company. Quality can also refer to free from deficiencies or abnormality of products, or leading to total satisfaction to the expectation of the end user. Organizations evaluate or measure quality through their performances, costs, prices, supply time, consistency, accessibility, and upkeep of customer relationship. Thus, organizations must first recognize customers’ expectations and need to deliver quality to the market. Market research becomes significant process of establishing products features and the customers’ expectations. Quality management entails the process of planning. Organizing, staffing, directing and controlling quality system s in organizations to meet products requirements and customers’ expectations. Radziwill (2005) defines quality management as to involve developing and applying quality management and control systems in production, operations or delivering substantial satisfaction to the customer. In other words, quality management system can be viewed as tailored tender of principles into a collection of standards, policies, procedures, tools and methodology implemented to achieve quality goals of all industrial participants (Radziwill, 2005). Markets acts as interface between customers and organizations and grounds of evaluating quality of products offered by different organizations. Market environments are ever dynamic and organizations must be vigilant in supplying and maintaining quality on their products. Competitions in the market have changed directions and quality provision is now a competitive strategy. Macro-economic factors are still changing and enforced through rules, requirements and procedures. International standards of organizations have brought forth another approach to enforce quality in organizations. In this regards, organizations qualifying to promote and maintain quality are recognized as ISO quality certified.Advertising Looking for report on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Moreover, there exists interconnectedness between all participants in a production process to ensure total quality control. Various interfaces exist in the process such as customer-organization interface and supplier-organization interface (Hakes, 1991). Thus, cooperation of all is vital to enhance a total control system. Therefore supply chain management becomes a significant approach to managing total quality. Customers and suppliers in quality management Basically, organizations must understand who their customers are, what are their needs and expectations and how the organization can find out these. Again, the firm must know how to evaluate the ability to meet these wants and expectations, is the organization capable to meet these?, can the company continue to meet these needs and expectations in long run?, and how the organization can control and evaluate the performance in meeting customers’ needs and expectations (Hill et al., 2001). Similarly, organizations are custom ers of a certain suppliers. Therefore, for organization to improve the supply chain and achieve quality management objectives there is a need to understand it’s internal and external suppliers. Organizations must know who their external and internal suppliers are, and what are the organizations needs and expectations from suppliers, and how to effectively communicate these needs. In additions, organizations must evaluate whether potential suppliers are capable of achieving their needs and expectations and strategize on the effective approach to communicate any change in expectations. As noted by Bagad (2008), the realistic perfect situation is an open partnership relationship between all parties where share and benefit concept exist. This means that as the organization is aware of the customers’ benefits they must conversely appreciate the expectations of their suppliers. Quality planning Managers frequently argue with their counterparts on how essential quality manage ment is vital as competitive edge, yet relatively a very small percentage know how to implement it in their organizations (Bagad, 2008). By committing organization to quality management, staffs must also understand systems necessary to upgrade the production process. In his research on quality management in organization, Anon (nd) indicated that quality is synonymous of integrity, standardization in production process and the customer trustworthiness towards company’s products. To achieve organization goals, mission and realize vision, planning is the first function of management and unto which all other functions depend on. In this regard, as Bagad (2008) suggests, without adequate planning for quality management, control and assurance becomes problematic to organizations. Proper total quality planning provide avenue to quality control and assurance translating to objectives accomplishment. Quality control A proper quality management system enhances firms to accomplish objec tives targeted and sustain the strategy. As Bagad (2008) states, it is imperative for organization leaders and managers are responsible in monitoring the quality journey. Once the quality management strategy is implemented, it needs performance evaluation to control the policy. Through monitoring and controlling, the desired level of performance is realized and also sustainable in long run. Quality Control should be established in all levels of organization’s management. Ideal control is undertaken by quality control team via activities of performance evaluation and monitoring (Bagad, 2008). Quality assurance and standards pqcassist, (nd) indicated that, companies committed to inspiring confidence to customers and staffs, break barriers between organization departments and achieve business goals must have quality assurance and standards systems. According to Bagad (2008), standards are requirements, frameworks or procedures that must be adhered by the individual, government, firms, and industries and are usually enforced to achieve specific targets. Policies in organizations enforce standards for either operating business activities or implementing certain managerial plans. Standards can only change under a formal framework and passed by key stakeholders of framework. As argued by Radziwill (2005), organization quality systems are focused to attain conformity, reduce variation, eliminate non adding value activities, waste reduction, minimize/prevent workers error and increase integrity thereby improving productivity and customer satisfaction. All organization objectives are attainable by implementing a dynamic, up to standards and assured quality management system (Bagad, 2008). International organization for standardization is the reputed standard body for quality assurance to partners in all industries across the world. Another is the fair trade partnership agreement. Quality management system certified to ISO 9001 or 9000 refers to organization benef its in achieving consistency business processes and ambitious measurement/evaluation, and cost leaders or performance perfection. IDT Australia is among over one million companies certified for ISO 9001 and 9000 certification across the globe. For quality assurance the company must be ISO 9001: 2008 certified. The certification is the world’s leading quality management system for assurance and standards. This certification refers to company assurance in quality standards in areas such as customer focus, leadership, involvement of people, and continuous improvement in quality systems (pqcassist, nd). In addition, the company either small or large must poses realistic approach to decision making, improve in process method, system approach to management and shared beneficial supplier relation must exist (pqcassist, nd). Current situation in the company Emphasize on innovation has increased in Australia for the past and recent years. Understanding the quality management concept o n managers and employees is much emphasized under industrial research and development. IDT Australia managers are well conversant with the quality management in production and all other areas. The company has employed over 25 PHD doctors and researchers to facilitate the creation and development of effective quality management in assurances and control. As an international competitive organization, adherence to different quality management standards and policies is pivotal to its success. The company measures its total quality management by a basis on analyzing customer requirement, defining its processes that bring out products and services to the customers and provisions implemented in retaining a quality control system. IDT organization structure and its functional units are accorded quality control manual and assurance department is instituted in all key quality adherence units. Quality assurance unit in the company concentrates primarily on the customer handling, proper books k eeping, products quality and handling and the safety of organization physical and non-physical assets. Current total quality management system implemented by the organization is comprehensive process of stakeholders’ satisfaction. Stakeholders include the customers, shareholders, suppliers, the government, and the employees. The quality control starts with implementing supply chain effective to meeting both the needs of customers and the suppliers. The company manuals indicate total quality management process comprises of quality assurance to the manufacturing activities and the customer service delivery at the clinic unit. Basically, IDT Australia limited assurance and control systems ensures that the process prevent problems or issues that may arise, detecting them in advance, identifying accurately their causes, providing remedies immediately, prevent future occurrence and enhance quality progress. As the objective of the company total quality is providing products of high quality that provide value and meets customers expectation, its system is derived from ISO 9001 certification and framework supplemented by the customer specification requirement (Hill et al., 2001). Currently, the company upholds its ability to provide continuous improvement in quality and increase individual goal accomplishment. The quality manuals state that, â€Å"Quality management system shall promote guidance for the continued efforts including customer satisfaction, quality and reliability of products, process and all attached services† (MarketPublishers, 2011). Data analysis The above literature review on production and quality management systems, and the current IDT Australia limited situation has left very many questions unanswered relating to the company’s quality management. The literature brings unclear contribution of quality issues in the organization achievement. Fundamentally, it is important to understand the various factors that influence the quali ty of firm’s products and the satisfaction of the customers. The influence of either internal or external factors and the unanswered question persuade the study to carry out more research and conduct a data analysis. Specific objectives of the study are; a) To establish quality management process b) To elaborate the concept of standards, assurance and control c) To evaluate organizations quality measurement and limitations d) To assess and provide suggestion on the improvement. In general, the concept quality is a multidimensional term which can be measured and evaluated by many factors and indicators that are associated with customer satisfaction and the supply chain quality. In this study, the analysis on the quality management in IDT Australia limited focuses on customer needs fulfillment and satisfaction. Investigating the impact and the quality level of IDT limited by applying customer response is more acceptable than taking the whole supply chain fulfillment. In this re gard, to identify and analyses customer related issues and complaints in the study, freely and accessible information or data is utilized. As Radziwill (2005) supports, Critical Incident Technic (CIT) is the appropriate methodology employed to categorize and systematically analyze customer related issues and complaints from the standpoint of IDT Corporation. The following table provides categories of quality delivered by the company and the associated group of benefit. Table 1: quality categories and the benefit group Quality category Service issue and complaint Quality benefit group Service or staffs competence Staffs are well qualified and can solve problems. Over 25 staffs are PHD qualified Customers Research partners Service and product availability High customers response Experience of over 25 year Customer loyalty. Less competition Customers Government Research partners Other suppliers Product fulfillment No over production Customer complaints handled by professionals Retailers End users International clients Delivery No delay in delivery No wrong product and service delivery Drug distributors Contractors Government Patients-customers Product quality(goods and services) Performance is consistent Control mechanisms are excellent ISO quality on drugs certified Manufacturer Employees customers Source: MarketPublishers (2011). The analysis done identifies that there are certain reasons that make companies become ISO certified. These factors include the relationship with customers, and include internal factors and the external factors. Among all the factors, internal factors are the most preferred. In addition, the relationship with customers may neither be influenced by the quality control, nor quality system be influenced by customer satisfaction. Customer satisfaction and requirement fulfilling may be influenced by the internal marketing strategies. Furthermore, quality management literatures show that external factors and internal factors lead to companies’ certification. From the table the analysis concludes that, it is imperative for the organization to provide continuous quality improvement criteria where controls and assurance can be benchmarked with their competitors in the global arena. As presented in the literatures, the issue of identifying, assessing quality based on customers’ satisfactions is not adequate. In this respect the research require full primary data collection consideration. Recommendation Generally, the adoption and application of ISO 9001 and 9000 in health services and drugs, and the utilization of customer specification is justified by the organization quality management manuals, issues may arise in quality control and assurance. This way organization is driven by many factors in seeking for certification from either ISO, trade fair or from the government. In certain circumstances, internal factors are largely depended on when seeking certification. Internal factors include th e level of employees performance, level of company performance financially and quality of the management. As argued by Llopis and Josà © (nd), successful implementation of quality management system to organization may reveal benefit of low cost and also differentiation. Therefore, adapting to ISO 9000 is much fair in terms of environmental factors. Essentially, internal factors contribute positively to internal organization improvement, while external factors contribute into good relationship with the external environments. Llopis and Josà © (nd) indicate external benefits as increasing market share, improved customer satisfaction, attracting new customers and retaining the relationship with customers and suppliers. Internal factors positively lead to increased staffs motivation and productivity, true and fair books of accounts presentation, efficiency achievement and lowering production costs. The motive of organizations is to make profits and increase shareholders wealth. Based on this, companies that are certified due to internal factors makes higher profits that those certified due to external factors. Therefore, IDT Australia limited should be more focused on internal factors rather than external factors. Essentially, the reason why firms seek certification depends on the amount of internal managers’ dedication to the internal factors. Therefore, internal factors are vital and most recognized influences of certification and quality management systems. Conclusions All organizations consist of departments, customers, suppliers, and customer supplier system. Supply chains are exhibited by the suppliers, departments and customers’ interfaces. The objectives of a supply chain monitoring are achieving just in time delivery and meet customers’ expectations through quality products. Poorly established supply chain translates to poor quality and customer dissatisfaction. Therefore, to achieve total quality throughout the company operations, every participant in the supply quality chain must be focused and trained on customer- supplier relationship. Fundamentally, quality management system can be implemented through a supply chain system. In this perspectives, internal factors, external factors and the customer relationship with the organization is taken into consideration. The fact that IDT Australia limited has been certified for a long period of time and it has experience of over 25 years does not have an impact of the profits. The firm size qualification quality management is far much influenced by its internal functioning and other internal factors that accelerate quality control and quality assurance to internal and external observers. List of References Anon (1998) Production and operations management: An international journal of the Production and Operations Management Society, Volume 7. Production and Operations Management Society, University of California. Anon (nd) Introduction to production and operations ma nagement. Web. Available from: masterproductionscheduling.com/int-production-management.pdf . AusBiotech (2009) IDT Australia Limited Contract cGMP manufacturer of high-potency and cytotoxic active pharmaceutical ingredients and finished solid dosage forms. Web. Available from: ausbiotech.org/directory/details.asp?companyid={9E71A623-89B9-4168-BF64-688A3E279E72}returntourl=%2Fdirectory%2Fsearch.asp%3Fpg%3D22 . Bagad, V.S. (2008) Total Quality Management. Vienna, Austria, Technical Publications. Hakes, C. (1991) Total quality management: the key to business improvement: A Pera International executive briefing. Canada, Springer. Hill, N., Self, B., Roche, G. (2001) Customer satisfaction measurement for ISO 9000:2000. Oxford, Butterworth-Heinemann. Llopis, J. and Josà ©, T. J. (nd) The Importance of Internal Aspects in Quality Improvement. Web. Department of Business Management, University of Alicante. Available from: http://rua.ua.es/dspace/bitstream/10045/1673/4/The_importance_of_i nternal_aspects_in_quality_improvement.pdf . MarketPublishers (2011) IDT Australia Limited Fundamental Company Report Including Financial, SWOT, Competitors and Industry Analysis. London, Business Analytic Center (BAC). Pqcassist (nd) Standards Australia – Quality Management Systems: Industry News. Web. Available from: http://pqcassist.com/pqc/docs/QMS%20Standards.pdf . Radziwill, N. M. (2005) Quality Management in Astronomical Software and Data Systems. National Radio Astronomy Observatory, 520 Edgemont Rd., Charlottesville VA 22903. Available from: gb.nrao.edu/~nradziwi/v8adass.pdf .

Darfur after the war Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Darfur after the war - Essay Example The three sides were Cameroon, Port Sudan, and Libya. The humanitarian food supplies needed to be transported in all-terrain vehicles over large land areas upon arrival in Africa. The rainy season made the land routes to the camps of refugees in Sudan and Chad impassable. Even after the passage of so many years since the conflict of Darfur, it is incredible that the refugee camps are still being filled by new Darfurians. â€Å"A decade since the beginning of the Darfur conflict the region’s people are still suffering. Millions have been forced from their homes and 2.7 million people still rely on food aid for survival† (Featherstone cited in Gov.uk, 2013). Physical and sexual assaults on the residents of these camps are reported almost daily. The already meager livelihood of these people is worsened by the lack of security. As a result of these challenges, the effort of helping these refugees is amongst the largest operations of humanitarian relief in the contemporary age. Numerous countries around the world in general and especially the US have heavily donated humanitarian aid to the refugees of Darfur. These operations include but are not limited to providing the refugees with food, clean water, shelter, nutrition, education, healthcare, activities that generate income, and protection from diseases. Besides, the UK is also playing an important role in alleviating the sufferings and pains of the refugees of Darfur by providing them with food, shelter, and healthcare facilities. The UK is also providing its judges and policemen with training to help them make the fragile communities stable. The environment of Darfur is dangerous and very volatile and poses numerous challenges to both the refugees and the external donors of aid. According to the UN, the death toll as a result of the Darfur genocide is over 300,000 whereas this number is estimated to be at least 400,000 by the former UN undersecretary-general

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WEB based - Essay Example This results in a program that is fast in its responses and free of errors. Also, a Unified modeling Language (UML) will be used to study use requirements in the system and identify possible cases for users at various levels. Use Case diagrams in UML will allow us to establish behavioral patterns for the users of the system in order to correctly asses and develop programming features necessary in an organized manner.   According  to the notes of Jeffrey A. Hoffer, Joey F. George, Joseph S. Valacich (2009) presented in association with their distinguished course in modern systems analysis, the definition for the waterfall model is a traditional model that works in many phases, and is often useful in the design of new software systems. In this model, the first phases begins upon the completion of the proceeding phase, with each phase following sequentially. These systems have either no instance or only isolated instances of backtracking and looping. This system provides both simplicity in management and ease of use for the end user, and so lends itself to goal development in each phase (Higgins 2009). The performance of the system will be evaluated in this section, including a detailed discussion of the operations necessary for the system to function. Functional requirements will necessitate the division of the system between two user types to be referred to as administrative users (Admin) and student users (students). Assessment of functional requirements will allow for the effective assessment of system requirements. Non-functional requirements enhance the understanding of unique and specified requirements of the system that are not related to system functionality, including the ease of use and specific hardware/software/upkeep necessary for the successful implementation of the project. According to the Inopedia hompage, the definition UML provides a nonproprietary standard of best-practices for engineers in software development. UML is a third

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Week 456 CRJ 330 - Essay Example If, for example a one year in jail is increased to five years in prison, they say that it does not reduce crime, but only increase the imprisonment period. Furthermore not all are caught on their first crime. The passing of the three strike law in California saw a 27 years old man imprisoned for 25 years for stealing a pizza. Others, however, argue that if penalties on certain crimes are made harsh, people or in this case criminals will avoid crime due to fear. The American criminal justice officials implemented policies to respond to the crimes of terrorism. To them, the rights of the terrorists should not be violated as well as those of their immediate families. According to them, these criminals should be allowed judicial assistance; they should not be intimidated, and should be provided with medical, social and psychological assistance. They should also be compensated if necessary. The USA has the best police force. Their functions are clearly outlined and they do not cross borders in performing their duties. They are not a source of fear to the community but are a source of assistance. The police force is divided into different departments each performing its designated function. The departments perform their tasks without

The Essence Of Mbo Business Essay

The Essence Of Mbo Business Essay The use of management objectives was first widely advocated in the 1950s by the noted management theorist Peter Drucker. It can be defined as a process whereby the employees and the superiors come together to identify common goals, the employees set their goals to be achieved, the standards to be taken as the criteria for measurement of their performance and contribution and deciding the course of action to be followed. The essence of MBO is participative goal setting, choosing course of actions and decision making. An important part of the MBO is the measurement and the comparison of the employees actual performance with the standards set Ideally, when employees themselves have been involved with the goal setting and the choosing the course of action to be followed by them, they are more likely to fulfill their responsibilities. THE PROCESS OF MBO: Management by objectives (MBO) involves setting specific measurable goals with each employee and then periodically discussing his/her progress toward these goals. The term MBO almost always refers to a comprehensive organization-wide goal setting and appraisal program that consist of six main steps: Set the organizations goals. Establish organization-wide plan for next year and set goals. Set departmental goals. Here department heads and their superiors jointly set goals for their departments Discuss and allocate department goals. Department heads discuss the departments goals with all subordinates in the department (often at a department-wide meeting) and ask them to develop their own individual goals; in other words, how can each employee contribute to the departments attaining its goals. Define expected results (set individual goals). Here, department heads and their subordinates set short-term performance targets. Performance review and measure the results. Department heads compare actual performance for each employee with expected results. Provide feedback. Department heads hold periodic performance review meetings with subordinates to discuss and evaluate progress in achieving expected results. MBO appraisals are suitable for measuring quantitative and qualitative output of high-level employees. High-level employees such as managers generally report to directors, according to hierarchy and the chain of authority present in many organizations. Therefore, managers and the directors or executives they report to often work together to establish MBO goals for this type of appraisal. Performance Appraisal : A Look Employers use performance appraisals to measure both the quantity and quality of production. Performance appraisals typically are conducted annually, and employers often base decisions about salary raises, wage increases and year-end bonuses on employee performance. An MBO appraisal is just one method among several types of performance measurement tools. Others include: Graphic Ratings Scales, Narrative Evaluations, 360-Degree Appraisals, Peer Evaluations, Forced Ranking Or Differentiation Appraisals. One well-regarded and widely used approach to performance appraisal is called MANAGEMENT BY OBJECTIVES (MBO). By definition, under this method, you evaluate your employees on the basis of results. MBO is more than performance appraisal its a construct for managing the entire organization. Its breadth includes the organizations vision, values, strategies, goals, and performance measurement. MBO (management by objectives) methods of performance appraisal are results-oriented. That is, they seek to measure employee performance by examining the extent to which predetermined work objectives have been met. MBO begins with managers at the top of the company setting goals. Then managers and employees at each successively lower level develop their own goals. Employees goals are designed to support the goals of their own managers. In this way, the entire organization is linked together in the pursuit of objectives. The focus is on outcomes that are clear, specific, measurable, and supported by action plans, benchmark dates, and deadlines. All aspects of the goal-setting process also apply to the employees personal and developmental goals, such as building their skills or knowledge base. Once an objective is agreed, the employee is usually expected to self-audit; that is, to identify the skills needed to achieve the objective. Typically they do not rely on others to locate and specify their strengths and weaknesses. They are expected to monitor their own development and progress. After employees meet with their managers to establish their goals and action plans, the employees return to work newly energized and focused on specific short-term and longer-term targets. Simultaneously, their managers monitor the employees performance, provide coaching and support, remove barriers or help employees overcome them, and make adjustments and course corrections as necessary. The employees performance and progress are clear, measured, documented, and transparent every step of the way. Employees are highly motivated through MBO because theyve been able to actively participate in the process of setting goals, instead of simply having the goals dumped on them. Their involvement in this type of decision-making helps meet many of their higher-level needs for accomplishment, achievement, recognition, and self-worth. MBO brings a wide range of advantages to the appraisal process: It helps build relationships between managers and employees. MBO includes a great deal of contact and communication between managers and their employees, which builds camaraderie, communication, and trust all key elements in strengthening teamwork. It fosters a comfortable climate in the workplace. MBO helps build an atmosphere of respect and trust within a given department and beyond. Because managers work directly with employees to identify and solve problems, MBO improves the quality of decision-making and problem solving. Its fair. Employees are evaluated on the basis of their performance and attainment of goals, which is regarded as fair and energizing. Its quick and easy. Performance evaluation forms associated with MBO are a breeze to complete. Typically, they spell out each objective as established at the beginning of the cycle, and then provide a space for the manager to summarize the results. Some MBO forms also include a scale that asks for a numerical assessment of the employees success in meeting their goals. These scales guide the managers in the rating process by including specific descriptions of excellent, good, fair, and poor levels of goal attainment. Management by Objectives and performance appraisal: The MBO approach overcomes some of the problems that arise as a result of assuming that the employee traits needed for job success can be reliably identified and measured. Instead of assuming traits, the MBO method concentrates on actual outcomes. If the employee meets or exceeds the set objectives, then he or she has demonstrated an acceptable level of job performance. Employees are judged according to real outcomes, and not on their potential for success, or on someones subjective opinion of their abilities. The guiding principle of the MBO approach is that direct results can be observed, whereas the traits and attributes of employees (which may or may not contribute to performance) must be guessed at or inferred. The MBO method recognizes the fact that it is difficult to neatly dissect all the complex and varied elements that go to make up employee performance. MBO advocates claim that the performance of employees cannot be broken up into so many constituent parts as one might take apart an engine to study it. But put all the parts together and the performance may be directly observed and measured. CONCLUSION: Although OD emphasizes the macro aspects of the organization, the individual is not ignored. In fact, individual developmental aspirations are identified and integrated with management development; managerial needs are translated into personal development objectives and action plans. Management by Objectives, the widely acclaimed and applied approach to management, has undergone considerable change over the years. In its early development, MBO was primarily an appraisal tool. Next, it integrated individual needs with organizational objectives. MBO was then expanded to include long range, strategic planning. But to remain a viable and effective managerial system, MBO must continue to evolve. New knowledge, where appropriate, must be merged with MBO. The inputs to the organization are transformed through the MBO process to produce the outputs. To be sure, this new MBO model is complex, but so is management. MBO must continue its evolutionary path and continue to aid, not add to, the work of the manager.

Tulare Township Essay -- Artificial Irrigation, Northern California

C-Irrigation The familiar rural landscape of today’s Tulare Township is the artificial creation of irrigation. The modern eye—accustomed to the regularity of shaded orchards and the linear furrowed fields of row crops—finds it difficult to imagine the countryside before irrigation, much less the arid, barren grassland that existed until the 1860s. One has a tendency to see this landscape as eternal. But the current rural scene is not yet a century old. Although Tulare Township residents had long recognized the need for irrigation, irrigation on a mass scale came late to the district. The reasons for the delay—politics, geography, technology, and economics—tell, in microcosm, the San Joaquà ­n Valley irrigation story. It did not take long for California’s small farmers to realize that dry farming, which depended on winter and spring rains, was not trustworthy. The first two decades of California’s Wheat Bonanza era—the 1860s and 1870s—saw wide variation in crop yields as the state alternated between drought and â€Å"normal rainfall† years. While the large bonanza ranchers could survive the droughts of 1863–1865, 1870–1871, and 1873–1875, the small ranchers often failed. The Diablo Range’s â€Å"rain shadow† worsened the challenges for West Side grangers; even â€Å"below normal† rainfall elsewhere could seriously jeopardize the West Side harvest. By 1870, the need for extensive irrigation in the San Joaquà ­n Valley was clear, but how should Californians carry out the task? The earliest Northern California tries at large-scale irrigation were entrepreneurial ventures. Investors fashioned commercial irrigation companies that owned the canal system but not the irrigated lands. In the 1870s, land speculators regularly used this arrangement to st... ... to approve the bond sale. Although some accused Crittenden of defecting to the cattle interests, his reluctance may have reflected the general loss of enthusiasm by West Side farmers for irrigation in the late-1870s. The drought of the 1870s had ended, and the wet years brought good West Side harvests. It no longer felt urgent to spend money to avert crop failures. Besides, some farmers believed the district could not sell its bonds without state backing. The second Westside authorization act had not included such a provision after Bay Area interests had objected. As later experience would prove, the lack of state backing often placed a serious handicap on marketing irrigation securities. By 1880, the West Side Irrigation District, authorized but never implemented, had collapsed. Tulare Township would wait another thirty-five years for large-scale irrigation.

Ban on Assault Weapons

In today’s society the topic of assault weapons have been very controversial. From mass shootings to defending oneself, this is a topic that can be very difficult to agree on. In this paper I will be discussing if the federal government should ban automatic weapons. In my opinion, assault weapons should not be banned. With this decision, I consider the implications of the second amendment, public safety, and the fact that weapons will never cease to exist. With these reasons I will explain to show that the federal government should not ban automatic weapons.One of the reasons I stand behind not allowing the federal government to ban automatic weapons because under the constitution, the Second Amendment states â€Å"A well-regulated militia, being necessary to the security of a free state, the right of the people to keep and bear arms, shall not be infringed† (Mount, Steve, 1995). Although this can be interpreted differently to other people, this amendment allows people of the United States to have an individual right to keep and bear arms. The people are allowed to be armed, if wanted.I believe it is an important part to consider when banning weapons because this is a part of our rights, and should not be taken away. The Bill of Rights was designed to guarantee individual rights and freedoms. Once you take away a right that is in the constitution, there is no limit on the endless amount of things the government can then take away, including free speech, freedom of religion, and voting rights. So, not following this amendment for the sake of banning weapons does not only risk losing this freedom but also the other rights we as Americans should have.With not taking the second amendment into consideration and banning weapons anyways, people feel that public safety will increase. The opposing side would take this as one of their main reasons to ban weapons. I believe that public safety would not change. Crime will not go down by banning weapons since the majority of criminals have unregistered weapons. If we ban guns, criminals still will get a hold of them, unless we ban them worldwide, make gun making illegal, and destroy every single gun ever.Some of the strictest gun controlled states in the US have the highest crime rates, because normal people have less protection. Guns don’t kill people, people choose to kill others. I believe that if people are able to have guns, they are able to protect themselves when in danger when there is no government, or police to protect them at that moment. People are less likely to attack or commit a robbery if they know that a victim is armed, or able to fight back. Citizens can not only protect themselves, but will feel at peace knowing they are able to defend themselves when a situation calls for it.Public safety is important, and if the government cannot protect its citizens, then it is their obligated rights to do so themselves. Making a law banning assault weapons is something that is ideal for people who want to stop violent acts, or crimes that come from weapon use. But, there are always pros and cons to situations. Weapons will never cease to exist because if it is not an assault weapon it will be something else. Weapons have and will always evolve. Getting rid of weapons from the public will be a very difficult task.In conclusion, the federal government should not ban assault weapons. Banning assault weapons will not make them disappear. In order people to protect themselves, their property, and their own families it is a legitimate right of the citizens to own weapons. As citizens we have the constitutional right to keep and bear arms. These rights were made for the people and should not be interfered with. Public safety should not only be contingent upon assault weapon use but the actual public itself.Weapons will never cease to exist because today, the majority of cases involving firearms used are not legally bought or even registered, but are smuggled or stolen. There has not been much progression at the federal level regardless of nationwide news coverage on the recent mass killings, and not a lot of detail of what will happen in the future of a law that will ban weapons. In my opinion weapons should not be banned, because in reality this nation is not a harmless environment, and to be defenseless in a needed time is not a good situation.

Free Essays on Relationship Between Nurse Practitioner and Medical Practitioner

Why Can't We All Just Get Along: The Relationship between Nurse Practitioner and Medical Practitioner There is a patient in front of you. You are a nurse practitioner; the individual beside you is a medical practitioner. Both of you have the same information. Both of you have the same goal, or do you? Do you want wellness for the patient, including the social, emotional, nutritional, and familial aspects of that patient’s life or do you want the injury/illness/infection gone and the patient back to routine living? They seem like divergent views, the nursing model and the medical model, but as the environment of healthcare changes, can a path be found so both can thrive? Introduction In Creative Nursing, Tim Porter-O’Grady (2003) discusses that we are moving into a new healthcare relationship with our patients, one that will increase the patient’s expectation of positivity and will require all professions to work in a seamless fashion. Healthcare is becoming patient–owned (Porter-O’Grady, 2003) and that type of pattern will necessitate â€Å"working ‘together’ rather than working ‘alongside’† (Davies C, 2000). We have moved into a new social-evolutionary age, one of information based social behaviors, instantaneous market fluctuations, longer life span, increasing chronicity, and strained resources. Because of these stressors, we must look at what we are doing and do it better. One of the changes that are occurring is the emerging role of nurse practitioner. While this role in primary care has been around since 1965, it has been seen by most as a stopgap for decreasing medical resources and was not regarded, even by some in nursing, as a creditable resource. It is still largely misunderstood and globally underutilized. Part of this misunderstanding is the view of some medical practitioners who deem nurse practitioners as a threat to the exclusivity of the domain of... Free Essays on Relationship Between Nurse Practitioner and Medical Practitioner Free Essays on Relationship Between Nurse Practitioner and Medical Practitioner Why Can't We All Just Get Along: The Relationship between Nurse Practitioner and Medical Practitioner There is a patient in front of you. You are a nurse practitioner; the individual beside you is a medical practitioner. Both of you have the same information. Both of you have the same goal, or do you? Do you want wellness for the patient, including the social, emotional, nutritional, and familial aspects of that patient’s life or do you want the injury/illness/infection gone and the patient back to routine living? They seem like divergent views, the nursing model and the medical model, but as the environment of healthcare changes, can a path be found so both can thrive? Introduction In Creative Nursing, Tim Porter-O’Grady (2003) discusses that we are moving into a new healthcare relationship with our patients, one that will increase the patient’s expectation of positivity and will require all professions to work in a seamless fashion. Healthcare is becoming patient–owned (Porter-O’Grady, 2003) and that type of pattern will necessitate â€Å"working ‘together’ rather than working ‘alongside’† (Davies C, 2000). We have moved into a new social-evolutionary age, one of information based social behaviors, instantaneous market fluctuations, longer life span, increasing chronicity, and strained resources. Because of these stressors, we must look at what we are doing and do it better. One of the changes that are occurring is the emerging role of nurse practitioner. While this role in primary care has been around since 1965, it has been seen by most as a stopgap for decreasing medical resources and was not regarded, even by some in nursing, as a creditable resource. It is still largely misunderstood and globally underutilized. Part of this misunderstanding is the view of some medical practitioners who deem nurse practitioners as a threat to the exclusivity of the domain of...

Giant Impacts on the Moon Fascinate Lunar Geologists

Giant Impacts on the Moon Fascinate Lunar Geologists The early history of the Earth-moon system was a very violent one. It came just over a billion or so years after the Sun and planets began to form. First, the Moon itself was created by the collision of a Mars-sized object with the infant Earth. Then, about 3.8 billion years ago, both worlds were bombarded by debris left over from the creation of the planets. Mars and Mercury still bear the scars from their impacts, too. On the Moon, the giant Orientale Basin remains as a silent witness to this  period, called the Late Heavy Bombardment. During that time, the Moon was pummeled with objects from space, and volcanoes flowed freely as well. The History of Orientale Basin The Orientale basin was formed by a giant impact some 3.8 billion years ago. It is what planetary scientists call a multi-ring impact basin. The rings formed as shock waves rippled across the surface as a result of the collision. The surface was heated and softened, and as it cooled, the ripple rings were frozen into place in the rock. The 3-ringed basin itself is about 930 kilometers (580 miles) across. The impact that created  Orientale played an important role in the early geologic history of the Moon. It was extremely disruptive and changed it  in several ways: fractured rock layers, the rocks melted under the heat, and the crust was shaken hard. The event blasted out material that fell back to the surface. As it did, older surface features were destroyed or covered up. The layers of ejecta help scientists determine the age of surface features. Because so many objects slammed into the young Moon, its a very complex story to figure out. GRAIL Studies Orientale The Gravity Recovery and Interior Laboratory (GRAIL) twin probes mapped variations in the Moons gravitational field. The data they gathered tell scientists about the interior arrangement of the Moon  and provided details for maps of the concentrations of mass. GRAIL performed close-up gravity scans of the Orientale basin to help scientists figure out the concentrations of mass in the region. What the planetary science team wanted to figure out was the size of the original impact basin. So, they searched for indications of the initial crater. It turned out that the original splashdown region was somewhere between the size of the two innermost rings surrounding the basin. There is no trace of the rim of that original crater, however. Instead, the surface rebounded (bounced up and down) after the impact, and the material that fell back to the Moon obliterated any trace of the original crater. The main impact excavated about 816,000 cubic miles of material. Thats about 153 times the volume of the Great Lakes in the U.S. It all fell back to the Moon, and along with the surface melting, pretty well wiped out the original impact crater ring. GRAIL Solves a Mystery One thing that intrigued scientists before GRAIL did its work was the lack of any interior material from the Moon that would have flowed up from beneath the surface. This would have happened as the impactor punched into the Moon and dug deep beneath the surface. It turns out that the initial crater likely collapsed very quickly, which sent material around the edges flowing and tumbling into the crater. That would have covered up any mantle rock that might have flowed up as a result of the impact. This explains why the rocks in Orientale basin have a very similar chemical make up as the other surface rocks on the Moon. The GRAIL team used the spacecrafts data to model how the rings formed around the original impact site and will continue to analyze the data to understand the details of the impact and its aftermath. The GRAIL probes were essentially gravitometers that measured minute variations of the gravitational field of the Moon as they passed over during their orbits. The more massive a region is, the greater its gravitational pull. These were the first in-depth studies of the gravitational field of the Moon. The GRAIL probes were launched in 2011 and ended their mission in 2012. The observations they made help planetary scientists understand the formation of impact basins and their multiple rings elsewhere on the Moon, and on other worlds in the solar system. Impacts have played a role throughout solar system history, affecting all planets, ​including Earth.

Is family therapy (a.k.a. Maudsley method) more effective treatment Research Paper

Is family therapy (a.k.a. Maudsley method) more effective treatment than individual therapy for anorexia nervosa - Research Paper Example is has been followed by researches and counter researches that are meant to disapprove either of the procedures and come up with the best therapy that suites everyone. Comparisons have been made to each of the therapies s as to identify loopholes that may be used to criticize either of the procedures. The controversies rose from prescriptions from doctors. Some doctors recommended that patients suffering from anorexia nervosa stood a better chance of quick recovery through family therapy. On the other hand, other doctors recommended that such patients were better off if they adopted individual therapy as a mode of healing their complication. As a result, there was conflict of interest. Many have since come up with varied finding most of which are supported by valid reasons. However much this matter still remains unresolved, quiet a number of people have believed on various findings and have since settled permanently on them. This course will help in identifying the best treatment amongst the two by giving relevant support points and evidences affiliated to researches conducted by different organizations and individuals. According my opinion that is justified by a number of researches which will be highlighted in this course, family therapy is far much better as compared to individual therapy because of very many viable reasons. This conclusion comes after numerous researches and comparisons that have managed to prove, beyond any reasonable doubts, that family therapy is a better procedure as compared to the latter. As already highlighted in the introduction, family therapy is far much better than individual psychotherapy. Family therapy involves the parents of the ailing teenage by making sure that the patient takes the correct type and amount of food. Parents are also advised by doctors to ensure that their ailing children do just enough body exercise. The disease of anorexia nervosa makes its patients believe that they are fat and hence the urge to cut weight

Shakespeare and Film Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Shakespeare and Film - Essay Example Kurosawan depiction of Shakespearean heroes follows the same intense pattern with rich historical background, and similar to Shakespeare’s approach the Japanese director used his work to comment on the history of Japan. The movie that is under discussion is titled â€Å"Throne of blood† that is a transposition of a Shakespeare’s most renowned tragedy â€Å"Macbeth†. Both stories are not only intense political dramas but also gives great deal of insight into the psyche of a psychotic killer. (Goodwin, 1994) Akira Kurosawa has translated all aspects and themes of Macbeth into Japanese culture by setting the story against the backdrop of one of the most turbulent times in Japan that is often referred to as the â€Å"Sengoku Jidai† which means â€Å"The age of the country at war†. The events have been believed to have transpired during the Muromachi period, a time when the violation of the samurai code was rampant and a serious moral misconduct i n the Japanese society. Analogously, the backdrop of the machinations of a brave yet, misguided Scottish general named Macbeth, who is represented by Samurai Washizu in the film as he plots to gain control over the throne of the Spider web forest reigned by Lord Tsuzuki. (Galloway, 2005; Rowe, 2011; Yoshimoto, 2000) Kurosawa has incorporated elements of Noh Theater, which is the traditional Japanese theatrical presentation in the film. The movie also delves deep in to spiritual aspect of the movie in order to make it more relatable to the Japanese audiences and show the multitude of interpretations that can be drawn from Shakespearean text. The movie starts off by showing the facade of the Spider web castle, which highlights the primary theme of the story that is â€Å"lust and pursuit of power†. The supernatural elements are introduced into the first scene of the movie and unlike Macbeth the three witches are represented by an old ghost woman, spinning fabric with a wheel as Samurai Washizu and his companion Samurai Miki; who corresponds to the character of Banquo, are making their journey back to the castle through the forest. (Kunio, 2005) Kurosawa has used mist and fog as key elements of the opening shots in order to show the ambiguity and doubt that will haunt all the main characters in the movie. The misty visualization can also be taken to represent that superficial pursuit for greater wealth, power and position can cloud one’s judgment and often lead to an unsettled conscience constantly lambasting the individual. Another observation that further supports the postulation regarding the theme that Kurosawa wanted to incorporate in his movie was the use of â€Å"Spinning wheel† by the spirit that is a vague reference to the notion of karma and the belief of â€Å"what goes around comes around†. The movie’s production had commenced during a time when Japan was overcoming one of the greatest disaster that it has endured du ring the Second World War as a result of the nuclear bombing on Hiroshima and Nagasaki. It was the same carnage and violence that was then recreated in the movie with the use of intense shots of bloodshed and brutality that shows the ravages of war. Kurosawa has not only attempted to entail the bloody themes of Macbeth but also the painful tragedy that affected the entire Japanese society immensely. Furthermore, besides the generic message that the director has encompassed in the movie, the entry of Lady

An investigation to find out the effect of respiration in yeast when Essay

An investigation to find out the effect of respiration in yeast when sugar is added to a flour-and-water dough - Essay Example Main experiment: - With the help of a plastic spoon or spatula some yeast is to be placed in a weigh boat on the balance and 10 grams of yeast is to be measured out. Next, using a separate weigh boat, 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30 grams of sugar are to be measured out. 50 gms of dough is to be kneaded by using same proportions of water and flour in separate weigh boats. Subsequently, a mixture of 10 grams of yeast and equal amounts of dough, thoroughly mixed, are to be placed in 7 balloons. The contents of these balloons are to thoroughly mixed once again. Then a piece of string is to be used in order to tie the balloon just above the mixture in it. This is to ensure that there is no air inside it. After this the balloon must be pressed gently from the sides in order to expel any air left inside and a tight double knot is to be tied with a piece of string. The excess string is to be left on the balloon. The rubber band is to be knotted as closely as possible to the knot in the string. These balloons are to be placed on ice in order to prevent fermentation. Similarly, all 7 balloons are to be prepared using the 0,5,10,15,20,25,30 grams of sugar. These balloons are to be labeled as A,B,C,D,E,F,G respectively. Next, their volume is to be determined using the water displacement method. In this method, a 600 ml beaker or large jar is to be placed in an overflow pan. This container is to be filled to the very top with tap water. The balloon is to be completely submerged in the water by pushing it under the water and allowing the water to spill over the sides and into the pan. This process is to be stopped when the fingers touch the water. The water in the pan is the volume of the balloon. This is to be measured carefully in a graduated cylinder and recorded on a data table. After this the balloon is to be put back in the ice immediately. It is sufficient to measure a single balloon’s